Regardless of their initial reaction to reinstatement, Haiti’s international donors risk missing an opportunity to influence the development of an important pillar of Haiti’s post-MINUSTAH security sector by choosing to remain on the sidelines. Though reinstatement has been driven by Haitian authorities, the process has struggled to make progress without donor support, raising questions about the appropriate role of international actors in strategic decision-making at the national level. The reinstatement process has been an interesting test case of the international donor community’s commitment to the concept of local ownership, long held to be a moral and practical pillar of international engagement. This process has the potential to contribute to two of the most significant shortcomings of SSR in Haiti, a limited focus on security sector governance and a lack of local ownership. In particular, the paper focuses on the process to develop a new White Paper on Defence and National Security in Haiti. Building on a summary of the latest developments in the reinstatement process, this paper discusses its implications for Haiti’s prolonged international engagement. The armed forces must be an impartial and apolitical institution if they are to contribute to stability in Haiti – an uncertain proposition given their past inability to stay out of the political arena. The reinstatement of the Haitian armed forces, nearly 20 years after former President Jean-Bertrand Aristide disbanded them, adds a new set of actors and more complexity to a process already struggling to deliver results amidst a seemingly endless series of political crises. Haiti’s long and difficult security sector reform (SSR) process has entered a new phase. Suggestions for future research and social work practice implications are also addressed including the impact of education on identity creation/reformation. This also makes a small contribution to establishing an evidence base for DDR interventions, which are widely seen by policy makers as being an essential part of the peacekeeping process in some types of conflict but for which there has been little empirical evidence of their effectiveness. This findings support criminological research which suggests education has a positive impact on decreasing crime amongst those who have committed crimes in the past. Being involved in sports and recreation was similarly associated with a decrease in violence and crime and a decrease in associating with armed peers. Furthermore, they decreased involvement in crime, violence, and association with armed peers, and an improvement in family functioning, the ability to make decisions, involvement in volunteering, and non-violent political engagement. Both types of education were found to have a positive impact on self-efficacy and internal locus of control (which are tied to an individual?s sense of control over their own life and future). Interviewed at baseline, six months later, and then every twelve months for six years, the participants? behaviors and attitudes were examined to determine the success of components in three types of DDR approaches and to determine which of the three interventions was most effective at reducing criminal behavior and increasing pro-social behaviors of participants.Ī Linear Mixed Model was used to examine the impact of education (both classical and vocational) as well as participation in organized sports and recreation activities on a variety of outcome measures including engagement in crime, socializing with armed peers, family functioning, and engagement in non-violent methods of civic participation. This study examined quantitative data from a longitudinal data set on 741 Haitian men from who participated in or qualified to participate in DDR programs after the 2004 coup. These programs combine individual, group and state-level interventions in an effort to create the conditions necessary for peaceful transitions in post-conflict societies. Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) programs have become a staple feature of modern peacekeeping missions.
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